raster-helpers.h

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/*
 
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#pragma once
 
// Shared bare-metal helpers for the GPU rasterizer edge-behavior test suite.
//
// VRAM I/O patterns lifted from the arcade-tests probe helpers, whose surviving
// sibling in this tree is tests/2mb-vram/probe-common.h. Adapted
// for cester. The arcade-tests suite was characterizing 573 dual-bank VRAM
// quirks via a custom PROBE_PASS / PROBE_FAIL log format; here we want
// per-pixel cester assertions so failures surface as `expected X, received Y
// at file:line` and feed a soft-renderer punch-list.
//
// IMPORTANT, all four of these cost a hardware run to find:
//   - GP1(0x00) full reset between tests, not GP1(0x01) FIFO-only.
//   - One waitGPU() before a multi-word GP0 command. Do NOT poll bit 26
//     between sub-words; it goes LOW for the duration of the multi-word
//     transfer.
//   - GP0(0xA0) upload H is silently capped to 511 per the formula
//     ((H-1) & 0x1FF) + 1; for >511-row fills, do multiple passes.
//   - GP0(0x02) fast-fill is DIFFERENT - H & 0x1FF, with H==512 producing
//     no fill. We deliberately do not use fast-fill in our test setup
//     because its own quirks are part of what other tests characterize.
//   - The 24-bit color field in GP0 primitive commands is 8:8:8. The GPU
//     >>3s each channel before composing the VRAM 5:5:5 pixel. To draw VRAM
//     value 0x001F (5:5:5 red) the command color must be 0x0000F8.
 
#include <stdint.h>
 
#include "common/hardware/dma.h"
#include "common/hardware/gpu.h"
#include "common/hardware/hwregs.h"
#include "common/hardware/irq.h"
#include "common/syscalls/syscalls.h"
 
// --------------------------------------------------------------------------
// VRAM region constants
// --------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
// Tests draw into the lower half of VRAM at known coordinates. The draw
// area covers a full 1024x512 region so primitives can land at extreme
// corners without bumping into clipping unless explicitly testing it.
#define RASTER_DRAW_AREA_X1  0
#define RASTER_DRAW_AREA_Y1  0
#define RASTER_DRAW_AREA_X2  1024
#define RASTER_DRAW_AREA_Y2  512
 
// Sentinel value VRAM is filled with before each test. Reading back a
// sentinel pixel after drawing means the rasterizer chose NOT to write
// that pixel; reading back any other value means it did.
//
// COLLISION CAVEAT (acknowledged 2026-05-15): 0xDEAD is a VALID VRAM 5:5:5
// pixel value (mask=1, B=27, G=26, R=13). If a test primitive's actual
// rendered color happens to equal 0xDEAD, an absence-test for that
// coordinate produces a false positive (the rasterizer DID write but we
// cannot tell it apart from the untouched sentinel). To avoid this:
//
//   1. The named primaries below (RASTER_VRAM_*) deliberately never
//      encode to 0xDEAD - all-red, all-green, all-blue, all-white are
//      max-channel-or-zero combinations that produce 0x001F, 0x03E0,
//      0x7C00, 0x7FFF respectively. None equal 0xDEAD.
//   2. When writing a test that uses a CUSTOM color (e.g., mask-bit
//      tests that intentionally render a mask-set value), check the
//      VRAM-side value at design time. If it collides with the sentinel,
//      switch THAT suite to a non-colliding sentinel via a local
//      override - do not change RASTER_SENTINEL globally because most
//      tests work fine with 0xDEAD and the diagnostic value is high.
//   3. The OBS log lines emitted by ASSERT_PIXEL_EQ always show actual
//      values, so even a collision is recoverable by reading the log -
//      it only fools the cester pass/fail count.
#define RASTER_SENTINEL  0xDEADu
 
// --------------------------------------------------------------------------
// Color encoding (5:5:5 VRAM <-> 8:8:8 GP0 command field)
// --------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
// Command-side color is 8:8:8. The GPU drops the low 3 bits of each channel
// when composing the VRAM 5:5:5 pixel. To draw a specific VRAM color you
// must left-shift each 5-bit channel by 3 before packing the command word.
//
// rasterCmdColor(r5, g5, b5) produces a 24-bit command color field that
// will render as the requested 5:5:5 VRAM pixel.
static inline uint32_t rasterCmdColor(uint8_t r5, uint8_t g5, uint8_t b5) {
    uint32_t r8 = (uint32_t)(r5 & 0x1f) << 3;
    uint32_t g8 = (uint32_t)(g5 & 0x1f) << 3;
    uint32_t b8 = (uint32_t)(b5 & 0x1f) << 3;
    return r8 | (g8 << 8) | (b8 << 16);
}
 
// rasterVram555(r5, g5, b5) builds the VRAM pixel value the above command
// color will produce.
static inline uint16_t rasterVram555(uint8_t r5, uint8_t g5, uint8_t b5) {
    return (uint16_t)((r5 & 0x1f) | ((g5 & 0x1f) << 5) | ((b5 & 0x1f) << 10));
}
 
// Named primaries the tests will reach for. Each pair is (command, VRAM)
// chosen so that the VRAM value is recognizable and asymmetric (i.e. not
// confused with the sentinel or with another primary if a single channel
// gets dropped or scrambled).
#define RASTER_CMD_RED    rasterCmdColor(0x1f, 0x00, 0x00)  // command 0x0000F8
#define RASTER_VRAM_RED   rasterVram555(0x1f, 0x00, 0x00)   // VRAM 0x001F
#define RASTER_CMD_GREEN  rasterCmdColor(0x00, 0x1f, 0x00)  // command 0x00F800
#define RASTER_VRAM_GREEN rasterVram555(0x00, 0x1f, 0x00)   // VRAM 0x03E0
#define RASTER_CMD_BLUE   rasterCmdColor(0x00, 0x00, 0x1f)  // command 0xF80000
#define RASTER_VRAM_BLUE  rasterVram555(0x00, 0x00, 0x1f)   // VRAM 0x7C00
#define RASTER_CMD_WHITE  rasterCmdColor(0x1f, 0x1f, 0x1f)  // command 0xF8F8F8
#define RASTER_VRAM_WHITE rasterVram555(0x1f, 0x1f, 0x1f)   // VRAM 0x7FFF
 
// --------------------------------------------------------------------------
// GPU reset / setup
// --------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
// Full-fat reset, modeled on tests/2mb-vram/probe-common.h.
// Bring the GPU into a known polled-FIFO state so subsequent VRAM transfers
// do not hang on DMA-readiness bits.
static inline void rasterFullReset(void) {
    IMASK = 0;
    IREG = 0;
    for (unsigned i = 0; i < 7; i++) {
        DMA_CTRL[i].CHCR = 0;
        DMA_CTRL[i].BCR = 0;
        DMA_CTRL[i].MADR = 0;
    }
    DPCR = 0x800;
    uint32_t dicr = DICR;
    DICR = dicr;
    DICR = 0;
 
    // GP1(0x00) full reset (clears all internal latched state).
    GPU_STATUS = 0x00000000;
 
    // Restore a sane display mode. Not load-bearing for the tests; we just
    // want the GPU out of any weird state Unirom may have left it in.
    struct DisplayModeConfig config = {
        .hResolution = HR_320,
        .vResolution = VR_240,
        .videoMode = VM_NTSC,
        .colorDepth = CD_15BITS,
        .videoInterlace = VI_OFF,
        .hResolutionExtended = HRE_NORMAL,
    };
    setDisplayMode(&config);
    setHorizontalRange(0, 0xa00);
    setVerticalRange(16, 255);
    setDisplayArea(0, 0);
 
    // GP1(0x04, 1): DMA direction = CPU-to-FIFO polling. Unblocks the
    // status bits that gate VRAM transfers when we write GPU_DATA from
    // the CPU. Without this, GP0(0xA0)/GP0(0xC0) handshake hangs.
    sendGPUStatus(0x04000001u);
 
    // Drawing area + offset to a clean test default. Individual tests may
    // override these.
    setDrawingArea(RASTER_DRAW_AREA_X1, RASTER_DRAW_AREA_Y1,
                   RASTER_DRAW_AREA_X2, RASTER_DRAW_AREA_Y2);
    setDrawingOffset(0, 0);
 
    // Texture window = full 256x256 page (offset 0, mask 0). E2 command.
    sendGPUData(0xe2000000u);
    // Mask setting (E6) cleared - no set-mask, no check-mask.
    sendGPUData(0xe6000000u);
    // Dither off, draw to display area enabled, default texpage state.
    // E1 command: texpage 0, semi mode 0, texdepth 0, dither 0, draw 1.
    sendGPUData(0xe1000400u);
}
 
// Faster inter-test reset that preserves the display mode set in
// rasterFullReset(). Returns the GPU to a clean E1/E2/E3/E5/E6 state and
// re-enables FIFO polling mode. Use in CESTER_BEFORE_EACH; the heavyweight
// rasterFullReset() runs once at BEFORE_ALL.
static inline void rasterReset(void) {
    sendGPUStatus(0x00000000u);  // GP1(0x00) full reset
    sendGPUStatus(0x04000001u);  // GP1(0x04, 1) FIFO mode
    setDrawingArea(RASTER_DRAW_AREA_X1, RASTER_DRAW_AREA_Y1,
                   RASTER_DRAW_AREA_X2, RASTER_DRAW_AREA_Y2);
    setDrawingOffset(0, 0);
    sendGPUData(0xe2000000u);
    sendGPUData(0xe6000000u);
    sendGPUData(0xe1000400u);
}
 
// --------------------------------------------------------------------------
// VRAM I/O via GP0(0xA0) upload and GP0(0xC0) readback
// --------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
// Pace large streamed payloads via status bit 25 ("FIFO has room").
// Without pacing, transfers of more than a few hundred words drop or
// deadlock under FIFO mode. Bit 25, not bit 26 - see the note at the top.
static inline void rasterStreamPace(int idx) {
    if ((idx & 7) == 0) {
        while ((GPU_STATUS & 0x02000000u) == 0) {
        }
    }
}
 
// Fill a rectangular VRAM region with a single 16-bit value via GP0(0xA0).
// Width must be even (the GPU consumes data in 32-bit words = 2 pixels).
// Height up to 511 - for larger fills make multiple calls; H==512 is
// clean per the ((H-1)&0x1FF)+1 formula but writing it that way keeps the
// data-phase word count exact.
static inline void rasterFillRect(int16_t x, int16_t y, int16_t w, int16_t h,
                                  uint16_t value) {
    waitGPU();
    GPU_DATA = 0xa0000000u;
    GPU_DATA = ((uint32_t)(uint16_t)y << 16) | (uint32_t)(uint16_t)x;
    GPU_DATA = ((uint32_t)(uint16_t)h << 16) | (uint32_t)(uint16_t)w;
    uint32_t doubled = (uint32_t)value | ((uint32_t)value << 16);
    int words = ((int)w * (int)h) >> 1;
    for (int i = 0; i < words; i++) {
        rasterStreamPace(i);
        GPU_DATA = doubled;
    }
}
 
// Read a single 16-bit pixel at (x, y) via GP0(0xC0).
// The readback uses W=2 H=1 (the smallest natural transfer; one word holds
// two packed 5:5:5 pixels) and returns the low half-word which is the
// pixel at column x. Bit 27 ("VRAM-to-CPU ready") gates the read; under
// FIFO mode 0x04000001 it advances correctly.
static inline uint16_t rasterReadPixel(int16_t x, int16_t y) {
    waitGPU();
    GPU_DATA = 0xc0000000u;
    GPU_DATA = ((uint32_t)(uint16_t)y << 16) | (uint32_t)(uint16_t)x;
    GPU_DATA = ((uint32_t)(uint16_t)1 << 16) | (uint32_t)(uint16_t)2;
    while ((GPU_STATUS & 0x08000000u) == 0) {
    }
    uint32_t word = GPU_DATA;
    return (uint16_t)(word & 0xffff);
}
 
// Read a horizontal strip of |w| pixels starting at (x, y). |w| must be
// even (round caller-side if odd). Output is written to |dst| as raw
// 16-bit values in left-to-right order.
static inline void rasterReadStrip(int16_t x, int16_t y, int16_t w,
                                   uint16_t* dst) {
    waitGPU();
    GPU_DATA = 0xc0000000u;
    GPU_DATA = ((uint32_t)(uint16_t)y << 16) | (uint32_t)(uint16_t)x;
    GPU_DATA = ((uint32_t)(uint16_t)1 << 16) | (uint32_t)(uint16_t)w;
    int words = (w + 1) >> 1;
    for (int i = 0; i < words; i++) {
        while ((GPU_STATUS & 0x08000000u) == 0) {
        }
        uint32_t word = GPU_DATA;
        dst[i * 2] = (uint16_t)(word & 0xffff);
        if (i * 2 + 1 < w) dst[i * 2 + 1] = (uint16_t)(word >> 16);
    }
}
 
// Fill the working test rectangle with the sentinel before each draw. This
// is just rasterFillRect with the named sentinel; kept as a separate name
// so tests document intent.
static inline void rasterClearTestRegion(int16_t x, int16_t y, int16_t w,
                                         int16_t h) {
    rasterFillRect(x, y, w, h, RASTER_SENTINEL);
}
 
// --------------------------------------------------------------------------
// Primitive senders (flat shading, untextured first - simplest oracle)
// --------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
// GP0(0x20) flat untextured triangle. Verts are sign-extended 11-bit on the
// silicon; we pass them as int16_t and let the GPU mask.
static inline void rasterFlatTri(uint32_t cmdColor, int16_t x0, int16_t y0,
                                 int16_t x1, int16_t y1, int16_t x2,
                                 int16_t y2) {
    waitGPU();
    GPU_DATA = 0x20000000u | (cmdColor & 0x00ffffffu);
    GPU_DATA = ((uint32_t)(uint16_t)y0 << 16) | (uint32_t)(uint16_t)x0;
    GPU_DATA = ((uint32_t)(uint16_t)y1 << 16) | (uint32_t)(uint16_t)x1;
    GPU_DATA = ((uint32_t)(uint16_t)y2 << 16) | (uint32_t)(uint16_t)x2;
}
 
// GP0(0x22) semi-trans flat untextured triangle. Same layout as 0x20.
// Blend mode comes from the current E1 ABR field (bits 5-6).
static inline void rasterFlatTriSemi(uint32_t cmdColor, int16_t x0, int16_t y0,
                                     int16_t x1, int16_t y1, int16_t x2,
                                     int16_t y2) {
    waitGPU();
    GPU_DATA = 0x22000000u | (cmdColor & 0x00ffffffu);
    GPU_DATA = ((uint32_t)(uint16_t)y0 << 16) | (uint32_t)(uint16_t)x0;
    GPU_DATA = ((uint32_t)(uint16_t)y1 << 16) | (uint32_t)(uint16_t)x1;
    GPU_DATA = ((uint32_t)(uint16_t)y2 << 16) | (uint32_t)(uint16_t)x2;
}
 
// GP0(0x2A) semi-trans flat untextured quad.
static inline void rasterFlatQuadSemi(uint32_t cmdColor, int16_t x0, int16_t y0,
                                      int16_t x1, int16_t y1, int16_t x2,
                                      int16_t y2, int16_t x3, int16_t y3) {
    waitGPU();
    GPU_DATA = 0x2a000000u | (cmdColor & 0x00ffffffu);
    GPU_DATA = ((uint32_t)(uint16_t)y0 << 16) | (uint32_t)(uint16_t)x0;
    GPU_DATA = ((uint32_t)(uint16_t)y1 << 16) | (uint32_t)(uint16_t)x1;
    GPU_DATA = ((uint32_t)(uint16_t)y2 << 16) | (uint32_t)(uint16_t)x2;
    GPU_DATA = ((uint32_t)(uint16_t)y3 << 16) | (uint32_t)(uint16_t)x3;
}
 
// GP0(0x62) semi-trans variable-size rect.
static inline void rasterFlatRectSemi(uint32_t cmdColor, int16_t x, int16_t y,
                                      int16_t w, int16_t h) {
    waitGPU();
    GPU_DATA = 0x62000000u | (cmdColor & 0x00ffffffu);
    GPU_DATA = ((uint32_t)(uint16_t)y << 16) | (uint32_t)(uint16_t)x;
    GPU_DATA = ((uint32_t)(uint16_t)h << 16) | (uint32_t)(uint16_t)w;
}
 
// Set the current ABR (semi-trans blend mode) via E1. ABR is bits 5-6;
// other E1 fields preserved at the test-default state.
//   0 = B/2 + F/2 (average)
//   1 = B + F     (additive)
//   2 = B - F     (subtractive)
//   3 = B + F/4   (add quarter)
static inline void rasterSetAbr(uint8_t abr) {
    uint32_t e1 = 0xe1000400u | ((uint32_t)(abr & 3) << 5);
    sendGPUData(e1);
}
 
// Set the E6 mask control bits.
//   set_mask = 1 -> bit 15 of every drawn pixel is forced to 1
//   check_mask = 1 -> pixels with bit 15 already set in VRAM are not
//                     overwritten (semi-trans bypassed for those pixels)
static inline void rasterSetMaskCtrl(int set_mask, int check_mask) {
    uint32_t e6 = 0xe6000000u |
                  ((uint32_t)(set_mask & 1)) |
                  ((uint32_t)(check_mask & 1) << 1);
    sendGPUData(e6);
}
 
// GP0(0x28) flat untextured quad. Vertex order matters - the GPU
// decomposes 0,1,2 + 1,2,3 internally (or so the soft renderer believes;
// hardware truth is among the things this suite characterizes).
static inline void rasterFlatQuad(uint32_t cmdColor, int16_t x0, int16_t y0,
                                  int16_t x1, int16_t y1, int16_t x2,
                                  int16_t y2, int16_t x3, int16_t y3) {
    waitGPU();
    GPU_DATA = 0x28000000u | (cmdColor & 0x00ffffffu);
    GPU_DATA = ((uint32_t)(uint16_t)y0 << 16) | (uint32_t)(uint16_t)x0;
    GPU_DATA = ((uint32_t)(uint16_t)y1 << 16) | (uint32_t)(uint16_t)x1;
    GPU_DATA = ((uint32_t)(uint16_t)y2 << 16) | (uint32_t)(uint16_t)x2;
    GPU_DATA = ((uint32_t)(uint16_t)y3 << 16) | (uint32_t)(uint16_t)x3;
}
 
// GP0(0x40) flat untextured line.
static inline void rasterFlatLine(uint32_t cmdColor, int16_t x0, int16_t y0,
                                  int16_t x1, int16_t y1) {
    waitGPU();
    GPU_DATA = 0x40000000u | (cmdColor & 0x00ffffffu);
    GPU_DATA = ((uint32_t)(uint16_t)y0 << 16) | (uint32_t)(uint16_t)x0;
    GPU_DATA = ((uint32_t)(uint16_t)y1 << 16) | (uint32_t)(uint16_t)x1;
}
 
// GP0(0x42) semi-trans flat line.
static inline void rasterFlatLineSemi(uint32_t cmdColor,
                                      int16_t x0, int16_t y0,
                                      int16_t x1, int16_t y1) {
    waitGPU();
    GPU_DATA = 0x42000000u | (cmdColor & 0x00ffffffu);
    GPU_DATA = ((uint32_t)(uint16_t)y0 << 16) | (uint32_t)(uint16_t)x0;
    GPU_DATA = ((uint32_t)(uint16_t)y1 << 16) | (uint32_t)(uint16_t)x1;
}
 
// GP0(0x50) gouraud line (per-vertex color).
static inline void rasterGouraudLine(uint32_t c0, int16_t x0, int16_t y0,
                                     uint32_t c1, int16_t x1, int16_t y1) {
    waitGPU();
    GPU_DATA = 0x50000000u | (c0 & 0x00ffffffu);
    GPU_DATA = ((uint32_t)(uint16_t)y0 << 16) | (uint32_t)(uint16_t)x0;
    GPU_DATA = (c1 & 0x00ffffffu);
    GPU_DATA = ((uint32_t)(uint16_t)y1 << 16) | (uint32_t)(uint16_t)x1;
}
 
// GP0(0x48) flat polyline. 3-vertex variant (single 0x55555555
// terminator after the third vertex). Higher-vertex polylines follow
// the same pattern; we expose a 3-vertex form for the tests.
static inline void rasterFlatPolyline3(uint32_t cmdColor,
                                       int16_t x0, int16_t y0,
                                       int16_t x1, int16_t y1,
                                       int16_t x2, int16_t y2) {
    waitGPU();
    GPU_DATA = 0x48000000u | (cmdColor & 0x00ffffffu);
    GPU_DATA = ((uint32_t)(uint16_t)y0 << 16) | (uint32_t)(uint16_t)x0;
    GPU_DATA = ((uint32_t)(uint16_t)y1 << 16) | (uint32_t)(uint16_t)x1;
    GPU_DATA = ((uint32_t)(uint16_t)y2 << 16) | (uint32_t)(uint16_t)x2;
    GPU_DATA = 0x55555555u;  /* polyline terminator */
}
 
// GP0(0x60) flat variable-size rectangle.
static inline void rasterFlatRect(uint32_t cmdColor, int16_t x, int16_t y,
                                  int16_t w, int16_t h) {
    waitGPU();
    GPU_DATA = 0x60000000u | (cmdColor & 0x00ffffffu);
    GPU_DATA = ((uint32_t)(uint16_t)y << 16) | (uint32_t)(uint16_t)x;
    GPU_DATA = ((uint32_t)(uint16_t)h << 16) | (uint32_t)(uint16_t)w;
}
 
// GP0(0x30) gouraud (per-vertex shaded) untextured triangle. The
// command-color of vertex 0 is packed into the leading word; vertices 1
// and 2 each have their own 24-bit color words preceding their position
// words. Each cN argument is a 24-bit 8:8:8 command-color (use
// rasterCmdColor() to build one with VRAM-friendly channel values).
//
// Word layout (six 32-bit words total):
//   0: 0x30 << 24 | c0_24bit
//   1: y0 << 16 | x0
//   2: 0x00 << 24 | c1_24bit
//   3: y1 << 16 | x1
//   4: 0x00 << 24 | c2_24bit
//   5: y2 << 16 | x2
static inline void rasterGouraudTri(uint32_t c0, int16_t x0, int16_t y0,
                                    uint32_t c1, int16_t x1, int16_t y1,
                                    uint32_t c2, int16_t x2, int16_t y2) {
    waitGPU();
    GPU_DATA = 0x30000000u | (c0 & 0x00ffffffu);
    GPU_DATA = ((uint32_t)(uint16_t)y0 << 16) | (uint32_t)(uint16_t)x0;
    GPU_DATA = (c1 & 0x00ffffffu);
    GPU_DATA = ((uint32_t)(uint16_t)y1 << 16) | (uint32_t)(uint16_t)x1;
    GPU_DATA = (c2 & 0x00ffffffu);
    GPU_DATA = ((uint32_t)(uint16_t)y2 << 16) | (uint32_t)(uint16_t)x2;
}
 
// Toggle dither bit (E1, bit 9). Other E1 fields preserved at the test-
// default state set by rasterReset/rasterFullReset. Test-cycle pattern:
//   rasterReset();
//   rasterSetDither(true);
//   ... draw ...
//   rasterSetDither(false);   // restore for next test
static inline void rasterSetDither(int on) {
    // E1 base: texpage 0, semi 0, depth 0, draw-to-display on (bit 10).
    uint32_t e1 = 0xe1000400u;
    if (on) e1 |= 0x00000200u;
    sendGPUData(e1);
}
 
// Wait for the GPU to drain after a primitive. Used before reading back
// VRAM so we know the rasterizer has finished writing.
static inline void rasterFlushPrimitive(void) { waitGPU(); }
 
// --------------------------------------------------------------------------
// Observation logging (ground-truth capture)
// --------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
// Every test that asserts a pixel value also logs the observed value via
// ramsyscall_printf. Cester reports failures as "expected X, received Y at
// file:line", which is the per-pixel diff signal; OBS lines provide
// ground-truth capture regardless of pass/fail so a hardware run produces
// a complete dump that can be greppped to patch raster-expected.h.
//
// Usage: ASSERT_PIXEL_EQ(EXPECT_FOO_x_y, x, y);
#define ASSERT_PIXEL_EQ(expected, x_, y_)                                   \
    do {                                                                    \
        int16_t _ax = (int16_t)(x_);                                        \
        int16_t _ay = (int16_t)(y_);                                        \
        uint16_t _aval = rasterReadPixel(_ax, _ay);                         \
        ramsyscall_printf("OBS x=%d y=%d val=0x%04x expect=0x%04x\n",       \
                          (int)_ax, (int)_ay, (unsigned)_aval,              \
                          (unsigned)(expected));                            \
        cester_assert_uint_eq((unsigned)(expected), (unsigned)_aval);       \
    } while (0)
 
// When the expected value is a sentinel (the test is asserting NOTHING
// drew at that pixel), use this for clarity at the call site.
#define ASSERT_PIXEL_UNTOUCHED(x_, y_) \
    ASSERT_PIXEL_EQ(RASTER_SENTINEL, (x_), (y_))